The Vienna Philharmonic and American composers

Synopsis

In Beethoven's day, there were no independent symphonic orchestras in Vienna, so when Ludwig van wanted to put on an orchestral concert, the way he did it was to hire a theater orchestra for a night or two. Now, Viennese theaters were usually pretty busy and well booked up, but in Catholic Austria, they would shut down for a few weeks each year during Lent, which explains why a number of Beethoven's symphonies premiered in April when the orchestras were available for hire.

It wasn't until today's date in 1842 that Vienna's most famous independent orchestra played its first concert, and even then, as it still does today, the Vienna Philharmonic also doubles as the orchestra of the Vienna Opera.

The German composer and conductor Otto Nicolai led that first concert of the Vienna Philharmonic. The program included Beethoven's Seventh Symphony and two of his concert overtures, alongside vocal selections by Mozart and Cherubini.

Not surprisingly, Beethoven remains core repertory for the Vienna Philharmonic, along with those other two Viennese "B's"—Brahms and Bruckner. But in the 20th century, the Austrian orchestra presented important European premieres of works by Samuel Barber and Leonard Bernstein, two notable American "B's." And more recently, the Vienna Philharmonic premiered this work, entitled "Diversions," by the German-born, American composer and conductor, Andre Previn.

Music Played in Today's Program

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) Symphony No. 7 Vienna Philharmonic; Leonard Bernstein, cond. DG 419 434

André Previn (b. 1930) Diversions Vienna Philharmonic; André Previn, cond. DG 471 028

On This Day

Births

• 1871 - Dutch conductor Willem Mengelberg, in Utrecht;

• 1890 - American bandleader Paul Whiteman, in Denver, Colo.;

• 1930 - American composer Robert Ashley, in Ann Arbor, Mich.;

Deaths

• 1881 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky, age 42, in St. Petersburg (Julian date: Mar. 16);

• 1911 - Lithuanian painter and composer Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlionis (Gregorian date: April 10);

• 1937 - Polish composer Karol Szymanowski, age 54, in Lausanne, Switzerland;

• 1943 - Russian-born composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, age 69, in Beverly Hills, Calif.; A few weeks before his death he became an American citizen;

• 1949 - Rumanian composer and violinist Grigoras Dinicu, age 59, in Bucharest; He is best known for his virtuoso violin showpiece "Hora staccato" (1906);

• 1958 - American composer and "father of the blues" William Christopher (W.C.) Handy, age 84 in New York;

Premieres

• 1733 - Handel: oratorio "Deborah" (Julian date: March 17);

• 1801 - Beethoven: ballet "The Creatures of Prometheus," at the Burgtheater in Vienna;

• 1871 - Tchaikovsky: String Quartet in D, Op. 11, in Moscow, by members of the Russian Musical Society (Julian date: Mar. 16);

• 1879 - Smetana: String Quartet in e ("From My Life"), in Prague, by Ferdinand Lachner, Jan Pelikán (violins), Josef Krehan (viola), and Alois Neruda (cello); This was the "official" premiere, although a private performance had taken place in Prague the previous year, with the young Antonin Dvorák performing on viola;

• 1896 - Giordano: opera "Andrea Chénier," in Milan at the Teatro alla Scala;

• 1940 - Britten: Violin Concerto, Op. 15, by the New York Philharmonic conducted by John Barbirolli, with Antonio Brosa the soloist;

• 1951 - Douglas Moore: opera "Giants in the Earth," in New York City; This work won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1951;

• 1958 - Rochberg: Symphony No. 1, in Philadelphia;

• 1960 - Cowell: Symphony No. 12, by the Houston Symphony, Leopold Stokowski conducting;

• 1972 - Bernstein: "Meditations Nos. 1 and 2" for Cello and Piano, in New York City, by cellist Stephen Katz and the composer at the piano;

• 2003 - Ned Rorem: Cello Concerto, by the Kansas City Symphony with Michael Stern conducting and David Geringas the soloist;

Others

• 1739 - London music publisher John Walsh the younger issues Handel's Trio Sonatas, Op. 5 London (Gregorian date: April 8);

• 1842 - The Vienna Philharmonic plays its first concert (as the "Vienna Court Orchestra") in the Redoutensaale under the director of composer Otto Nicolai, the director of the Vienna Court Opera; The program included Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, his concert aria "Ah, Perfido," and the "Leonore" No. 3 and "Consercration of the House" Overtures, along with other vocal selections by Mozart and Cherubini.