"The Hindemith Case"

Synopsis

On today's date in 1938, "Mathis the Painter," an opera by the German composer Paul Hindemith, had its premiere performance in Zurich, Switzerland. This work had been scheduled to be premiered in Berlin four years earlier.

In 1934, the great German conductor Wilhelm Furtwangler had scheduled it at the Berlin Opera, but the newly-installed Nazi regime canceled the premiere. In protest, Furtwangler then performed a concert suite from Hindemith's opera at a Berlin Philharmonic concert, which resulted in a wild pro-Hindemith demonstration on the part of the audience. The Nazi press responded with attacks on both Hindemith and Furtwangler. In reply, Furtwangler published a long article, titled "The Hindemith Case," which unleashed only more repercussions from none other than Hitler's propaganda minister, Joseph Goebels. By the end of 1934 it was clear to all in Germany that the Nazis would brook no opposition when it came to cultural matters.

So how had the quintessentially German Hindemith offended the new regime? In 1929 Hitler had attended the premiere of another Hindemith opera, titled "News of the Day," and hated it—labeling it "degenerate." Furthermore, Hindemith's wife and many of his closest musician friends were Jewish. By the end of the 1930s, Hindemith became persona non grata in Nazi Germany, and, shortly after the Zurich premiere of his new opera, he and his wife emigrated to the U.S., where he taught at Tangelwood and Yale, becoming an American citizen in 1946.

Music Played in Today's Program

Paul Hindemith (1895 - 1963) Mathis der Maler Bavarian Radio Chorus and Orchestra; Rafael Kubelik, cond. EMI 55237

On This Day

Births

• 1737 - American bandmaster and music publisher Josiah Flagg, in Woburn, Mass.; He organized the first militia band in Boston, published music engraved by Paul Revere, and in 1773 organized a "Grand Concert" at Boston's Faneuil Hall involving 50 players, one of the first public concerts in America which presented European music;

• 1779 - Irish singer, poet and composer Thomas Moore, in Dublin;

• 1841 - Italian composer, conductor and pianist Giovanni Sgambati, in Rome;

• 1883 - English composer Sir George Dyson, in Halifax (Yorkshire);

• 1913 - Soviet composer Tikhon Khrennikov, in Elets (Gregorian date: June 10);

• 1923 - Hungarian composer György Ligeti, in Dicsöszentmartin (now Tirnaveni), Transylvania;

Deaths

• 1787 - Leopold Mozart, composer, and Wolfgang's father, age 67, in Salzburg;

• 1805 - Italian composer Luigi Boccherini, age 62, in Madrid;

• 1836 - Czech composer Anton Reicha, age 66, in Paris;

Premieres

• 1608 - Monteverdi: opera "Ariana," for a ducal wedding in Mantua; This opera now lost;

• 1904 - Puccini: “Madama Butterfly” (successful revised version), in Brescia; the opera’s original version, premiered on Feb. 17 at La Scala in Milan, was hissed;

• 1922 - Zemlinsky: opera "Der Zwerg" (The Dwarf), at the Cologne Opera;

• 1938 - Hindemith: opera "Mathis der Mahler," in Zurich at the Stadttheater, conducted by Robert Denzler;

• 1966 - Shostakovich: String Quartet No. 11, in Leningrad, by the Beethoven Quartet;

• 1993 - Stockhausen: opera "Dienstag aus Licht" (Tuesday from Light) at the Leipzig Opera;

• 1993 - Michael Torke: "Proverbs" for female voice and ensemble, at the Milwaukee Museum of Art, by the Present Music ensemble, conducted by the composer;

Others

• 1904 - Puccini: "Madama Butterfly" (successful revised version), in Brescia; the opera's original version, premiered on Feb. 17 at La Scala in Milan, was hissed.